Sour or Bitter? Reading What Your Espresso Is Telling You
Sour espresso usually means under-extraction; bitter usually means over-extraction. Here's how to taste the difference and what to change.
A coffee & tea notebook
Coffee, tea, and slow-morning notes. I'm Z — a scientist by day who, off the clock, takes coffee and tea far too seriously. This is where I write down what I'm trying, and how it turns out.
Sour espresso usually means under-extraction; bitter usually means over-extraction. Here's how to taste the difference and what to change.
A brewed cup is about 98% water, and its minerals shape extraction. Here's how calcium, magnesium, and bicarbonate work, plus the SCA target numbers.
A plain-language map of grind size across brewing methods, why it matters more than almost any other variable, and how to dial it by taste.